John J. Horton

Bio
I am an economist and the Chrysler Professor of Management at the MIT Sloan School of Management, jointly appointed to the Technological Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Strategic Management (TIES) and Information Technology (IT) groups, and a Research Associate at the NBER. My research is primarily focused on issues in information systems, market design, labor economics and organizational economics, particularly in the context of online markets. I am also interested in the effects of AI on labor markets and the potential of AI to improve social science methodology. Email · MIT Sloan · NBER · Google Scholar · ORCID · CV · Bio & press · @johnjhorton
Recent writing
All posts[Nerd Stuff]: Research Surveys Should Be Version-Controlled Files
And with Expected Parrot, they are!
We Can Do That! Best Practices for Dealing with Randomness in Language Model Outputs
How Expected Parrot embodies many best practices out of the box
Twitter Proposes; Prolific Disposes — Part I
Using Expected Parrot to test promising ideas with real humans
Employment
Chrysler Professor of Management; jointly appointed to the TIES and IT groups, MIT Sloan School of Management, August 25, 2025—Present
Co-founder, Expected Parrot, 2024—Present
Consulting Researcher, Microsoft Research New England, 2024—2025
Associate Professor (with Tenure), MIT Sloan School of Management, 2023—2025
Richard S. Leghorn Career Development Associate Professor, MIT Sloan School of Management, 2020—2023
Assistant Professor, MIT Sloan School of Management, 2019—2020
Visiting Economist, Airbnb, Summer 2016
Visiting Economist, Uber Technologies, Summer 2015
Assistant Professor of Information Systems, Stern School of Business, New York University, 2013—2019
Staff Economist, oDesk Corporation, 2011—2013
Research Intern, London School of Economics, Centre for Economic Performance, Summer 2010
Resident Tutor, Pforzheimer House, Harvard College, 2007—2011
Tank Platoon Leader and Executive Officer, US Army, 2001—2006
Affiliations
Member, Anthropic Economic Advisory Council, 2025—Present
Research Associate, NBER, 2023—Present
Faculty Research Fellow, NBER, 2019—2023
Affiliate, CESifo, 2017—Present
Affiliate, Berkman Center for Internet and Society, 2012—2013
Research Associate, Harvard Kennedy School, 2012—2013
Affiliate, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, 2009—2011
Research
The Coasean singularity? Demand, supply, and market design with AI agents
(with Peyman Shahidi, Gili Rusak, Benjamin Manning and Andrey Fradkin)
Forthcoming: The Economics of Transformative AI (2026)
Automated social science: Language models as scientist and subjects
(with Benjamin Manning and Kehang Zhu)
Published: Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on Economics and Computation (2026)
Status: Reject and Resubmit at Quarterly Journal of Economics
The production and consumption of social media
(with Apostolos Filippas, Elliot Lipnowski and Prasanna Parasurama)
Published: Management Science 72(7): 6368-6388 (2026)
Chaining tasks, redefining work: A theory of AI automation
(with Mert Demirer, Nicole Immorlica, Brendan Lucier and Peyman Shahidi)
Working paper: NBER Working Paper 34859 (2026)
Marginal ideas
(with Amir Sariri)
Consumer demand with social influences: Evidence from an e-commerce platform
(with El Hadi Caoui, Chiara Farronato and Robert Schultz)
Published: Management Science 72(4): 3550-3570 (2026)
Strategic tradeoffs between humans and AI in multi-agent bargaining
(with Crystal Qian, Kehang Zhu, Benjamin Manning, Vivian Tsai, James Wexler and Nithum Thain)
Large language models as economic agents: What can we learn from Homo silicus?
(with Apostolos Filippas and Benjamin Manning)
Published: Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Economics and Computation: 614-615 (2024)
Status: R&R at Review of Economics and Statistics
Competition avoidance vs. herding in job search: Evidence from large-scale field experiments on an online job board
(with Andrey Fradkin and Monica Bhole)
Published: Management Science 72(2): 1305-1323 (2026)
General social agents
(with Benjamin Manning)
Costly capacity signaling increases matching efficiency: Evidence from a field experiment
(with Apostolos Filippas, Prasanna Parasurama and Diego Urraca)
Paper Links: Details
Published: Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Economics and Computation: 414-415 (2024)
Status: Forthcoming at Management Science
Algorithmic writing assistance on jobseekers’ resumes increases hires
(with Emma Wiles and Zanele Munyikwa)
The death of a technical skill
(with Prasanna Tambe)
Learning from synthetic labs: Language models as auction participants
(with Anand Shah, Kehang Zhu, Yanchen Jiang, Jeffrey G. Wang, Arif K. Dayi and David C. Parkes)
Price floors and employer preferences: Evidence from a minimum wage experiment
Generative AI and labor market matching efficiency
(with Emma Wiles)
Simulating the Survey of Professional Forecasters
(with Anne Lundgaard Hansen, Sophia Kazinnik, Daniela Puzzello and Ali Zarifhonarvar)
Buyer signaling improves matching: Evidence from a field experiment
(with Philipp Kircher and Ramesh Johari)
Reducing congestion in labor markets: A case study in simple market design
(with Shoshana Vasserman and Mitchell Watt)
Ride-sharing markets re-equilibrate
(with Jonathan Hall and Dan Knoepfle)
Reputation inflation
(with Apostolos Filippas and Joseph Golden)
Paper Links: Details · PDF · mktscience · NBER · ACM EC · repec · SSRN
Published: Marketing Science 41(4): 733-745 (2022)
The ruble collapse in an online marketplace: Some lessons for market designers
(with Anand Shah and Peyman Shahidi)
How do employers use compensation history? Evidence from a field experiment
(with Moshe Barach)
The effects of search advertising on competitors: An experiment before a merger
(with Joseph Golden)
Paper Links: Details · PDF · Management Science
Published: Management Science 67(1): 342-362 (2021)
Steering in online markets: The role of platform incentives and credibility
(with Moshe Barach and Joseph Golden)
Paper Links: Details · PDF · Management Science · NBER
Published: Management Science 66(9): 4047-4070 (2020)
Owning, using, and renting: Some simple economics of the sharing economy
(with Apostolos Filippas and Richard Zeckhauser)
Paper Links: Details · Management Science · MIT · NBER
Published: Management Science 66(9): 4152-4172 (2020)
COVID-19 and remote work: An early look at US data
(with Erik Brynjolfsson, Adam Ozimek, Daniel Rock, Garima Sharma and Hong-Yi TuYe)
Buyer uncertainty about seller capacity: Causes, consequences, and a partial solution
Paper Links: Details · PDF · Management Science · SSRN
Published: Management Science 65(8): 3518-3540 (2019)
Digital labor markets and global talent flows
(with William Kerr and Christopher Stanton)
The tragedy of your upstairs neighbors
(with Apostolos Filippas)
Published: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Economics and Computation: 537-538 (2017)
Status: R&R at Journal of Public Economics
The effects of algorithmic labor market recommendations: Evidence from a field experiment
Wielding peer effects in online production: Evidence from a series of field experiments
(with Richard Zeckhauser)
Paper Links: Details
Status: Working paper
Are online labor markets spot markets for tasks?
(with Daniel Chen)
Labor economists get their microscope: Big data and labor market analysis
(with Prasanna Tambe)
Published: Big Data 3(3): 130-137 (2015)
The future of crowd work
(with Aniket Kittur, Jeffrey Nickerson, Michael Bernstein, Elizabeth Gerber, Aaron Shaw, John Zimmerman and Matt Lease)
The dot-guessing game: A ‘fruit fly’ for human computation research
The online laboratory: Conducting experiments in a real labor market
(with David Rand and Richard Zeckhauser)
Published: Experimental Economics 14(3): 399-425 (2011)
Labor allocation in paid crowdsourcing: Experimental evidence on positioning, nudges, and prices
(with Dana Chandler)
The need for standardization in crowdsourcing
(with Panos Ipeirotis)
The condition of the Turking class: Are online employers fair and honest?
Published: Economics Letters 111(1): 10-12 (2011)
Designing incentives for inexpert raters
(with Aaron Shaw and Daniel Chen)
Heads in the cloud: Challenges and opportunities in crowdsourcing
(with Robert Miller, Greg Little, Michael Bernstein, Jeffrey Bigham, Lydia Chilton, Max Goldman and Rajeev Nayak)
Paper Links: Details
Published: XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students 17(2): 27-31 (2010)
Online labor markets
Task search in a human computation market
(with Lydia Chilton, Robert Miller and Shiri Azenkot)
The labor economics of paid crowdsourcing
(with Lydia Chilton)
Awards & Grants
Awards
Information Systems Research Best Paper Award, Runner-up (The Death of a Technical Skill), 2026
WISE Best Paper Award (General Social Agents; selected from the full conference submission pool), 2025
INFORMS ISS Cluster Best Paper Award, Runner-up (Production & Consumption of Social Media), 2022
Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Business Analytics, AI/ML “Rising Star” Award, 2021, 2021
ISS Sandra A. Slaughter Early Career Award, 2021, 2021
Experimental Economics, Editor’s Award Winner for 2011, 2011
Becker-Friedman Center on Price Theory, Summer Camp, University of Chicago, 2010, 2010
NSF-IGERT Multidisciplinary Fellowship in Inequality and Social Policy, 2008 - 2010, 2008
Institute for Humane Studies Graduate Fellowship, 2009, 2009
National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, Honorable Mention, 2007
Bronze Star Medal, 2004
Army Achievement Medal (for budgeting and spreadsheet work), 2005
Army Commendation Medal, 2004
Combat Action Badge, 2004
Basic Parachutist Badge, 1999
Grants
Microsoft Research, 2023
Schwartzman College of Computing Grant - “Using AI Agents to Simulate Social Scenarios”, 2023
Upjohn Institute, Early Career Award Grant, 2016, 2016
Lab for Economic Applications and Policy, Harvard University, Research Grant, 2010, 2010
Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Travel Grant, 2010, 2010
Amazon Research Grant, Web Services, 2010, 2010
Berkman Center for Internet and Society, Harvard Law School, Research Grant, 2009, 2009
Talks
Featured talks
Complete talk archive
2026 (5)
NBER Summer Institute, Entrepreneurship, 2026
NBER Summer Institute, Economic Fluctuations and Growth, 2026
Business Implications of AI at MIT, 2026
American Economic Association Annual Meeting, 2026
ACM Conference on Economics and Computation, 20262025 (5)
CEPR Economics of AI Webinar, 2025
Google DeepMind / Economics Seminar, 2025
Northwestern - Kellogg, 2025
Microsoft Applied Science Seminar series, 2025
HBS Technology, Operations and Management Seminar, 20252024 (10)
Stanford Digital Economy Lab - Invited Seminar, 2024
Harvard EconCS Seminar, 2024
CMU Workforce and Technology Mini-Conference, 2024
Behavioral Approaches to Financial Decision Making Conference, 2024
UC Berkeley - Econ Seminar, 2024
ACM-EC 2024, 2024
NBER Summer Institute, Economics of IT and Digitization, 2024
Strategy Group, Harvard Business School , 2024
Paris Economics of Digitization seminar (remote), 2024
Stanford GSB - Marketing, 20242023 (12)
Workshop on the Economics of Social Media, SSRC, 2023
NBER Summer Institute - Personnel Economics, 2023
NBER Summer Institute - Industrial Organization & Digitization, 2023
SERC Panel at MIT, 2023
Paris Economics of Digitization seminar (invited but declined for health reasons), 2023
Walmart Economics Team, 2023
LinkedIn - Tech Talk, 2023
Yale Economics - Labor and Public Seminar (invited), 2023
Microsoft Research New England - EconCS Seminar, 2023
University of Nottingham - Centre for Decision Research and Experimental Economics, 2023
Tsinghua-HKUST DEEP Seminar, 2023
Hong Kong University, 20232022 (6)
Workshop on Information Systems and Economics (2 papers), 2022
Singapore Management University, 2022
Toronto Rotman Strategy Seminar, 2022
Boston University - Information Systems, 2022
Purdue, 2022
UC Irvine, 20222021 (13)
Keynote Address, 2021 Conference on AI, ML and Business Analytics, 2021
GMU Economics Seminar, 2021
UMD Economics Seminar, 2021
Council of Economic Advisors, 2021
University of Bocconi, 2021
Frankfurt School of Finance and Management, 2021
University of Mannheim, 2021
Columbia Business School, Management Dept., 2021
CESifo panel, “Firm-Academic Research Collaborations in Economics”, 2021
Keynote Address, 3rd Crowdworking Symposium, 2021
Digital Economics Seminar (video), 2021
Toulouse Seminar in Platform Economics, 2021
NBER Labor Studies Meeting, 20212020 (4)
MIT Org econ Seminar (remote), 2020
MIT Sloan, TIES Group (remote), 2020
Washington University in St. Louis - Olin Business School (remote), 2020
CMU Heinz School, 20202019 (2)
University of Chicago, Booth School of Business, 2019
Stanford University Economics Dept. Labor Seminar, 20192018 (12)
Temple University, Big Data & Mobile Analytics Workshop, 2018
Keynote speaker, IZA Workshop on ‘Matching Workers and Jobs Online’, 2018
Society of Labor Economists Annual Meeting (Toronto), 2018
Kellogg School at Northwestern (invited seminar; declined for health reasons (broken foot)), 2018
Booth School, University of Chicago (invited seminar; declined for scheduling reasons), 2018
Princeton CITP (invited seminar), 2018
Columbia Business School (invited seminar; declined - health), 2018
16th ZEW Conference on Economics of Information & Communications Technology, 2018
NBER Summer Institute (3 papers - 2 at IT & Digitization, 1 at Labor Studies), 2018
MIT Economics Dept (invited seminar), 2018
Stanford SIEPR (invited seminar; declined due to scheduling reasons), 2018
AEA Annual Meeting (two papers), 20182017 (11)
Workshop at MIT on AI, Cities and the Future of Work, 2017
“Field Days” at University of Copenhagen, 2017
Advances in Field Experiments, University of Chicago, 2017
Platform Strategy at BU, 2017
15th ZEW Conference on Economics of Information & Communications Technology, 2017
NBER Summer Institute (Economics of Digitization - 2 papers), 2017
Federal Communications Commission (turned down), 2017
ASU Information Systems Workshop, 2017
Temple University, 2017
HBS Entrepreneurial Management Unit, 2017
AEA Annual Meeting, “Inequality in the Evolving Labor Market”, 20172016 (7)
Speaker, Collective Intelligence, NYU Stern, 2016
Sharing Economy Symposium, Keynote Speaker, University of Minnesota, 2016
SOLE/EALE Conference, Seattle, 2016
Creativity and Innovation Research Initiative (CIRI), NYU Stern, 2016
The On-Demand Economy Conference, MIT Sloan, 2016
Frontiers in Digital Data, HBS, 2016
AEA Annual Meeting, Organizer: “The Economics of Peer-to-Peer Markets”, 20162015 (19)
WIN Conference (conference presentation), 2015
INFORMS, “Empirical Market Design”, 2015
NBER Productivity & Innovation, 2015
CMU, Tepper School of Business, Business and Technology, Bus. & Society, 2015
eBay Research, 2015
Facebook Data Science, 2015
Uber Technologies, 2015
NBER Summer Institute, Economics of IT and Digitization, 2015
ACM Conference on Economics and Computation, Portland, 2015
SOLE/EALE Conference, Montreal, 2015
13th ZEW Conference on the Economics of Information & Communications Technology, 2015
Chapman University, ESI/IFREE Lecture, 2015
CODE (Conference on Digital Experimentation), 2015
Microsoft Research, NYC, 2015
Texas A&M - MEER Conference, 2015
Carnegie Mellon University, School of Computing, 2015
Texas A&M University, Economics Dept, Economic Theory & Experimentation Seminar, 2015
UMN, Carlson School of Management, Work & Organizations Dept. Seminar, 2015
AEA Annual Meeting, “Empirical Market Design”, 20152014 (4)
MIT Sloan, Operations Management Seminar, 2014
NBER Summer Institute 2014, Economics of IT and Digitization, 2014
University of Chicago, Harris School, Public Policy and Economics Seminar, 2014
University of Nuremberg, 20142013 (4)
Xiamen University, International Symposium on Contemporary Labor Economics, 2013
INSEAD, Technology and Operations Management Seminar, 2013
MIT Roundtable on the Digital Economy, 2013
SOLE Annual Meeting, 20132012 (1)
The Bernard L. Schwartz Globalization Initiative at SAIS Distinguished Lecture Series, Johns Hopkins University, November 2012, 20122011 (2)
Experimental Economics Lunch Seminar, University of Chicago, 2011
Networked Business Seminar, Harvard Business School, 20112010 (9)
The 6th Workshop on Internet and Network Economics (WINE 2010), Stanford University, 2010
Christakis Lab Group Seminar Series, Harvard Medical School, November 2010, 2010
CrowdConf 2010, San Francisco, CA, October 2010, 2010
Advances with Field Experiments, Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania,, 2010
Crowdsourcing Applications Seminar, University of Massachusetts, 2010
European Association of Labour Economists (EALE) / Society of Labor Economists (SOLE) 3rd International Conference, University College London, June 2010, 2010
ACM-Conference on Electronic Commerce (ACM-EC), Cambridge, MA, 2010
EconCS Seminar, Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Science, 20102009 (1)
SJDM Annual Conference, Boston, MA, 2009Education
Y Combinator, Fall 2025
Harvard University, PhD in Public Policy, 2011
United States Military Academy at West Point, BS in Mathematics, minor in Computer Science, 2001
Teaching & Service
Teaching
Generative AI Action Learning Lab
MIT — Spring 2026 · Spring 2025
Generative AI for Managers
MIT — Spring 2026 · Spring 2025 · Fall 2024 · Spring 2024
The Economics of Information: Strategy, Structure, and Pricing
MIT — Spring 2023
Foundations of Information Technology
MIT — Spring 2023 · Spring 2022 · Spring 2021
Doctoral Seminar, Economics of Information Technology
MIT — Spring 2022
Designing, Using, and Competing with Online Marketplaces
MIT — Spring 2021
Introduction to Programming and Data Science
NYU Stern — Spring 2018 (3 sections)
Introduction to Technology in Business & Society
NYU Stern — Spring 2017 (3 sections) · Spring 2016 (3 sections) · Spring 2015 (3 sections) · Spring 2014 (3 sections)
EC970: Online Work
Harvard College — Fall 2010
API-302: Analytic Frameworks for Public Policy
Harvard Kennedy School — Fall 2010 (3 sections)
Service
Committee on Curricula, MIT, 2025—Present
Dean Search Committee, MIT Sloan, 2024—2025
NBER Digitization Spring 2024 Meeting, Co-organizer, NBER, 2023—2024
Faculty Search Committee, MIT Sloan IT Group, 2022—Present
PhD Program Coordinator, MIT Sloan IT Group, 2021—2025
Departmental: Organizer of IS Faculty Seminar; PhD recruiting committee, NYU Stern, 2013—2017
Reviewing
American Economic Review · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · American Economic Review: Insights · Econometrica · Journal of Political Economy · Journal of Labor Economics · RAND Journal of Economics · Journal of Economic Geography · Journal of Economics & Management Strategy · Management Science · Information Systems Research · AEJ: Applied · MISQ · Marketing Science · Judgment and Decision Making · Clinical Psychological Science · ACM-Electronic Commerce · ACM-Computer Human Interaction · ICIS · CIST